What is breast cancer|How it developes ?

Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in woman.

That's why every woman should know about this condition or atleast some basic knowlege like what is breast  cancer, how breast cancer develops, what are the symptoms  of breast cancer, so that they can take early step if this condition arises in their life.

What is Breast Cancer 

When cancerous cell develops in breast then it is called breast cancer.

It can be intraductal tumors or intralobular tumors, basically it is the type of breast cancer.

Types of breast cancer

• Intraductal tumours:

In this type the deveplopment of tumors is found in intraductal epithelium. And it can be invasive or non invasive.

Non-Invasive cancer remain in a particular location of breast but,Invasive cancer cells break through normal breast tissue barrier and spread to other parts of body through the blood stream and lymph noods such as in liver, bones etc. 

• Intralobular tumours

In this type the development of tumour occurs in lobe or in mammary glands. It can be aslo be invasive or non invasive.

Risk factors for Breas cancer

Some risk factors for breast cancer in women  that every women should know: 

• Female about 45 yrs. Or more who have positive family history.

• Late menopause

• Obesity

• Early menopause

• Use of contraceptive pills

• Lack of breast feeding to baby

• High fat diet 

• First child after 30yr. 

• Long term estrogen replacement theraphy

These are the risk factors for developing breast cancer.

What are the causes of Breast cencer

No actual cause but some causes which mostly seen are:

• Heredity

Family hostory accoints for approximately 7% of all breast cancer.

• Hormonal

Hormones produced by the overies in female have an important role in breast cancer -:

• Genetic alterations are associated with development of breast cancer.

• Obesity is also seen as the cause for development factor for cancer.

What are the sign and symptoms of breast cancer.

Symptoms which every woman should know for self assessment. 

• A firm limp or thickening  in breast which is usually painless.

• Enlargement of axillary lymphnodes may indicate metastasis. 

• Dscharge from nipple may be spontaneous bloody or clean.

• Change in the size and shape of breast of the breast basically asymmetrical breast is seen.

• The skin is becomes or looks as orang peel.

Late symptoms of breast cancer

Some late symptoms of breast cancer-:

Pain

Edema

Ulceration in breast.

What are the diagnostic evaluation for breast cancer

Your Doctor recommends the following diagnosis for breast cancer.

• Mammography

• Biopsy or aspiration 

• Ultrasonography

• MRI

• Chest x-ray or bone scan for detecting the metastasis. 

• Self breast examination for early detection.

What are the treatments for breast cancer

The treatment depends on severity of the cancer it include madical treatment which  is done through medicine or surgical treatment in which surgery is perform for removing the cancer.

Madical treatment

On the basis of world wide data breast conserving surgery such as lumpectomy, along with radiation therapy was found to result in a survival rate equal to that of modified mastectomy. 

For a pre-menopausal woman with involvement of the nodes, then chemotherapy is recommended. 

Chemotherapy is the use of antineoplastic medicine to promote tumor cell destruction by interfering with cellular function, it includes various chemotherapeutic agents and hormones for example.,

Alkylatore:Cyclophosphamide, it stops cancer cells to growing and interfering with DNA.

Antibiotics: Bleomycin, it also damage cancer cells.

Antimetabolites: Fluorouracil, it interferes with cell grwoth.

In post menopausal woman, hormane therapy recommended if the woman had an estrogen receptor positive tumor.

 

Immunotherapy

The prevention or treatment of cancer disease using agents that modify the immune response.

It is a largely experimental approach, studied most widely in treatment of leukaemias melonoma hypernephroma.

In cancer, immunotherapy attemts to stimulate the immune system to reject and destroy tumor. 

Side Effects of chemotherapy.

Side effects of chemotherapy which mostly seen in person having treatment for cancer.

Loss of hair

Anemia

Weight loss

Fatigue

Nausia or vomiting

Surgical treatment

The main goal of surgial treatment is to eradicate the local presence of the cancer, the most often procedure for sugical management in invasive breast cancer is mastectomy and breast conserving surgery combind with radiation therapy.

Types of surgeries in breast cancer

• Breast conserving surgery

It includes lumpectomy, partial or semental mestectomy and removal of axillary nodes if the cancer is of invasive type.

• Modified radical mastectomy 

In this the removal of the entire breast tissue along with axillary lymph nodes is done.

• Radical mastectomy 

Removel of breast tissue along with some muscles of chest and lymph nodes.

Radiation therapy

It is done with breast conserving surgery.

An external beam radiation therapy usually follows excision of the tumor mass to decrease the chance of local reoccurence and to remove any residual microscopic cancer cells.

Radiation treatment is necessary to obtain results equal to those of removal of the breast.

Radiation therapy begins about 6 weeks after the surgery to allow  the incision to heal.